Injin silinda da zoben piston wasu nau'i-nau'i ne na juzu'i waɗanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafin jiki, babban matsin lamba, sauyawar kaya da lalata. Yin aiki a cikin yanayi mai rikitarwa da canzawa na dogon lokaci, sakamakon shi ne cewa an yi amfani da layin silinda kuma an lalata shi, wanda ke rinjayar ikon, tattalin arziki da rayuwar sabis na injin. Yana da matukar mahimmanci don nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da lalacewa da nakasar silinda don inganta tattalin arzikin injin.
1. Dalilin bincike na silinda liner lalacewa
Yanayin aiki na layin silinda yana da mummunan rauni, kuma akwai dalilai masu yawa na lalacewa. Yawanci ana ba da izinin sawa na yau da kullun saboda dalilai na tsari, amma rashin amfani da kulawa da kyau zai haifar da lalacewa mara kyau.
1 Wear da ke haifar da dalilai na tsari
1) Yanayin lubrication ba shi da kyau, don haka babban ɓangaren silinda na silinda ya sa da gaske. Babban ɓangaren silinda na silinda yana kusa da ɗakin konewa, zafin jiki yana da yawa, kuma yanayin lubrication yana da kyau sosai. Rushewar iska da dilution na iska mai kyau da man fetur da ba a dasa ba yana kara tabarbarewar yanayin sama, ta yadda silinda ya kasance a cikin yanayin bushewar juzu'i ko juzu'i mai bushewa, wanda shine sanadin lalacewa mai tsanani akan silinda na sama.
2) Babban ɓangaren yana ƙarƙashin babban matsin lamba, don haka suturar Silinda tana da nauyi akan babba kuma haske a ƙasa. Ana danna zoben piston damtse akan bangon Silinda ƙarƙashin aikin nasa na ƙarfi da matsa lamba na baya. Mafi girman matsi mai kyau, mafi wahalar samuwa da kiyaye fim ɗin mai, kuma mafi muni da lalacewa na inji. A cikin bugun jini na aiki, yayin da fistan ke sauka, matsi mai kyau yana raguwa a hankali, don haka lalacewa na Silinda yana da nauyi sama da haske.
3) Ma'adinan acid da Organic acid suna sa saman Silinda ya lalace da spalling. Bayan konewar cakudewar da ake iya konewa a cikin silinda, ana samar da tururin ruwa da acid oxides, wadanda ke narkewa a cikin ruwa don samar da sinadarai masu ma'adinai, tare da sinadarin Organic acid da ake samu a cikin konewar, wadanda ke da illa a saman silinda, da a hankali abubuwan da suka lalata suna goge zoben piston a cikin gogayya, wanda ke haifar da nakasar silinda.
4) Shigar da ƙazantattun injiniyoyi, don haka tsakiyar Silinda ya lalace. Kurar da ke cikin iska, datti a cikin man mai, da sauransu, shiga bangon piston da silinda yana haifar da lalacewa. Lokacin da ƙura ko ƙazanta suka sake dawowa a cikin Silinda tare da fistan, saurin motsi shine mafi girma a tsakiyar silinda, wanda ke kara lalacewa a tsakiyar Silinda.
2 Sawa ta hanyar rashin amfani
1) Tasirin tace mai tace mai ba shi da kyau. Idan matatar mai ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata, ba za a iya tace mai da kyau ba, kuma man da ke ɗauke da ɗimbin ɓangarorin da ba makawa zai ƙara tsananta lalacewar bangon ciki na silinda.
2) Low tacewa ingancin iska tace. Matsayin tace iska shine cire ƙura da yashi da ke cikin iskar da ke shiga cikin silinda don rage lalacewa na silinda, fistan da sassan zobe na piston. Gwajin ya nuna cewa idan injin ba shi da kayan tace iska, lalacewa na silinda zai karu da sau 6-8. Ba a tsabtace matatun iska da kuma kiyaye shi na dogon lokaci, kuma tasirin tacewa ba shi da kyau, wanda zai hanzarta lalacewa na silinda.
3) Dogon lokaci ƙananan zafin jiki aiki. Gudun a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki na dogon lokaci, daya shine haifar da mummunan konewa, ƙwayar carbon ya fara yadawa daga ɓangaren babba na silinda, yana haifar da lalacewa mai tsanani a kan babban ɓangaren silinda; Na biyu shine haifar da lalatawar lantarki.
4) Sau da yawa amfani da ƙasa mai mai. Wasu ma'abota don tara kuɗi, sau da yawa a cikin shagunan gefen hanya ko masu siyar da mai ba bisa ka'ida ba don siyan mai mai ƙoshin ƙasa don amfani da shi, wanda ke haifar da lalatawar babban silinda mai ƙarfi, lalacewa ya ninka sau 1-2 fiye da ƙimar al'ada.
3 Sawa ta hanyar rashin kulawa
1) Matsayin shigar da silinda ba daidai ba. Lokacin shigar da layin Silinda, idan akwai kuskuren shigarwa, layin tsakiya na Silinda da crankshaft axis ba a tsaye ba, zai haifar da lalacewa mara kyau na silinda.
2) Haɗin sandar ramin jan ƙarfe. A cikin gyare-gyare, lokacin da aka haɗa sandar ƙaramin hannun hannun jan ƙarfe, karkatar da reamer yana haifar da haɗaɗɗen sandar jan hannun rigar tagulla don zama skewed, kuma tsakiyar layin fitin piston ba ya daidaita da tsakiyar layin haɗin ƙaramin kai. , tilasta piston ya karkata zuwa gefe ɗaya na layin Silinda, wanda kuma zai haifar da mummunan lalacewa na layin Silinda.
3) Haɗin sanda lankwasawa nakasar. Sakamakon hadurran mota ko wasu dalilai, sandar haɗawa za ta lanƙwasa ta lalace, kuma idan ba a gyara ta cikin lokaci ba kuma aka ci gaba da amfani da ita, hakanan zai ƙara saurin lalacewa na silinda.
2. Matakan rage lalacewa na silinda
1. Fara kuma fara daidai
Lokacin da injin ya fara sanyi, saboda ƙarancin zafin jiki, babban ɗanƙon mai da ƙarancin ruwa, famfon mai bai isa ba. A lokaci guda kuma, man da ke kan bangon silinda na asali yana gangarowa bangon silinda bayan tsayawa, don haka lubrication ba shi da kyau kamar yadda yake a cikin aiki na yau da kullun a lokacin farawa, yana haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin lalata bangon silinda. lokacin farawa. Don haka, lokacin farawa da farko, injin ya kamata a yi amfani da shi don ƴan sasanninta, sannan a shafa masa mai kafin a fara. Bayan farawa, aikin da ba ya aiki ya kamata a mai zafi, an haramta shi sosai don fashewa tashar mai, sannan a fara lokacin da zafin mai ya kai 40 ℃; Ya kamata farawa ya manne da ƙananan kayan aiki, kuma mataki-mataki kowane kayan aiki don tuƙi mai nisa, har sai zafin mai ya zama al'ada, na iya juya zuwa tuki na yau da kullun.
2. Daidaitaccen zaɓi na mai mai mai
Don tsananin bisa ga yanayi da buƙatun aikin injin don zaɓar ƙimar mafi kyawun ɗanko na mai mai mai, ba za a iya siyan shi da nufinsa tare da mai mai mai ƙarancin ƙasa ba, kuma sau da yawa bincika da kula da adadi da ingancin mai.
3. Ƙarfafa kula da tacewa
Tsayawa matatar iska, tace mai da tace mai a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin aiki yana da mahimmanci don rage lalacewa na silinda. Ƙarfafa kula da "fitila guda uku" wani muhimmin ma'auni ne don hana ƙazantattun injina shiga cikin silinda, rage lalacewa, da kuma tsawaita rayuwar injin, wanda ke da mahimmanci a yankunan karkara da yashi. Ba daidai ba ne cewa wasu direbobi ba sa sanya matatun iska don adana mai.
4. Rike injin a yanayin aiki na yau da kullun
Yanayin aiki na yau da kullun na injin ya kamata ya zama 80-90 ° C. Yanayin zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa sosai kuma ba zai iya kula da lubrication mai kyau ba, wanda zai ƙara lalacewa na bangon Silinda, kuma tururin ruwa a cikin silinda yana da sauƙin ɗaukar ruwa. ɗigon ruwa, suna narkar da ƙwayoyin iskar gas na acidic a cikin iskar gas ɗin da ke shayewa, suna haifar da abubuwa na acidic, kuma suna sanya bangon Silinda ya zama abin lalacewa da lalacewa. Gwajin ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka rage zafin jikin bangon Silinda daga 90 ℃ zuwa 50 ℃, lalacewa ta Silinda shine sau 4 na 90 ℃. Yanayin zafin jiki ya yi yawa, zai rage ƙarfin silinda kuma yana ƙara lalacewa, kuma yana iya haifar da piston ya wuce gona da iri kuma ya haifar da hatsarin "fadada silinda".
5. Inganta ingancin garanti
A cikin tsarin amfani, ana samun matsaloli a cikin lokaci don kawar da su cikin lokaci, kuma ana maye gurbin lalacewa da nakasassu ko gyara kowane lokaci. Lokacin shigar da layin Silinda, duba da tara daidai gwargwadon buƙatun fasaha. A cikin aikin maye gurbin zoben garanti, ya kamata a zaɓi zoben piston tare da elasticity mai dacewa, elasticity ɗin ya yi ƙanƙanta, don haka iskar gas ta fashe a cikin crankcase kuma ya busa mai a bangon Silinda, yana haɓaka bangon silinda; Ƙarfin roba mai yawa yana ƙara lalacewa ta bangon silinda kai tsaye, ko kuma lalacewa ta lalace ta hanyar lalata fim ɗin mai a bangon Silinda.
Crankshaft mai haɗa jaridar sanda da babban jaridar shaft ba daidai ba ne. Saboda kona tayal da wasu dalilai, crankshaft zai zama nakasu ta hanyar tasiri mai tsanani, kuma idan ba a gyara shi a cikin lokaci ba kuma ya ci gaba da amfani da shi, zai kuma hanzarta lalacewa na silinda.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-30-2024